Probióticos podem ser usados como adjuvante ao tratamento periodontal?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52076/eacad-v3i2.136Palavras-chave:
Periodontite; Probióticos; Tratamento periodontal; Gengivite.Resumo
A microbiota oral em condições de saúde está em equilíbrio entre hospedeiro e microrganismos, porém diversos fatores podem levar ao desequilíbrio dessa relação, associada ao desenvolvimento e progressão de doenças orais, como as doenças periodontais (DP). O controle mecânico e químico do biofilme dental é o principal método de prevenção e tratamento dessas doenças, muitas vezes somado ao uso de antimicrobianos. Considerando a atual preocupação sobre o uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos e a natureza disbiótica da DP, estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas visando o equilíbrio ecológico da microbiota oral vem sendo exploradas, dentre elas, o uso de probióticos. Todavia, pouco é sabido sobre a real eficácia deles no tratamento das infecções orais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso de probióticos como adjuvante ao tratamento da DP. Foi realizada a pesquisa bibliográfica nos bancos de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), US National library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed) e Google Acadêmico, com os descritores “Doença Periodontal” e “Probióticos”, de estudos clínicos realizados entre 2011 e 2021. A busca resultou em 49 estudos clínicos e após leitura completa 33 foram selecionados, atendendo aos critérios de inclusão. De forma geral, o uso adjuvante de probióticos parece trazer algum benefício clínico adicional ao tratamento e, esse efeito pode ser observado também nos parâmetros microbiológicos. No entanto, os protocolos de tratamento e os desfechos observados nos estudos são extremamente variáveis, sendo difícil determinar o melhor protocolo de administração dos probióticos.
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