Diabetes associated with periodontal disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52076/eacad-v2i3.56Keywords:
Periodontal disease; Diabetes; Bacterial plaque.Abstract
The present work has the objective to review the relevant literature regarding the possible associations between diabetes and periodontal disease. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that is increasingly affecting the population, becoming a serious public health problem. It is a pathological disorder of endocrine origin that causes numerous changes of systemic order. Diabetes is considered to influence the onset and progression of periodontal disease, such as scarring, but it is also influenced by it, since the clinical course of periodontal disease may alter glucose metabolism and consequently make it difficult to control diabetes. Periodontal disease is an inflammation resulting from the interaction between the accumulation of dental biofilm and bacterial metabolites produced on the gingival margin, and is mediated by the host's immune response. Activation of the host's immune system, primarily for protection purposes, ultimately results in tissue destruction, triggering the synthesis and release of cytokines, pro-inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases. The periodontal destruction seen in periodontitis depends on the balance between the virulence of the local biofilm and the host's immune response. Periodontitis is considered a major health problem in patients with diabetes and its presence may induce insulin resistance. Periodontal disease has been identified as a risk factor for glycemic control in decompensated patients. In this way, the close relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes has been cause for concern among dentists.
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