Liver cirrhosis and main etiologies: A review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52076/eacad-v3i2.249Keywords:
Liver cirrhosis; Pathophysiology; Etiology; Antifibrotic therapy.Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a pathological healing process, irreversible in its advanced stages with complications that can be lethal. Chronic injury causes inflammation and liver fibrosis, with consequent formation of septa and fibrous regenerating nodules, which can lead to future complications such as portal hypertension. Among its causes are viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune, cholestatic and storage diseases. Non-invasive fibrosis tests are useful to define the degree of disease progression, in order to intervene and define the best management for each patient. Antifibrotic therapies currently aim to inactivate the differentiation of hepatic stellate cells, responsible for fibrotic progression. However, they are still in the testing phase, but they seem to be promising. This is a systematic literature review, of a quantitative nature, which used the platforms PubMed (Medline), Scientific Electronic Library On-line (SciELO) and Cochrane Library as databases for the selection of articles, in English. The choice of articles was carried out by reading the title, abstract and, finally, reading the article in its entirety, with a careful analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It is concluded, therefore, that the main etiologies of liver cirrhosis are viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It was observed that the different etiologies cause different forms of fibrotic evolution, which depend on the origin of the cell types and mechanisms involved, fundamental to assess at which stage the therapy would have the maximum performance.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Gustavo Soares Gomes Barros Fonseca; Jusciellyson da Silva Nava; Rodrigo Sevilla Noleto; Victor de Castro Araujo; Luciana Martinuzzi Breitenbach; Bruno Martins Milhomem; Yasmin de Matos Capistranio; Laís Jaciara Costa Revil Ferreira ; Júlio Cézar Martins Frazao ; Lindomar Faria de Freitas Júnior; David Sandro Araújo Rodrigues ; Marco Antonio Leite; Virna Vitoria Lima Brauna Cunha; Victor Matheus Santos da Silva; Heloisa Silva Leal; Arthur Cardoso Xavier Sobrinho; Carlos Victor Nunes Ferreira; Diego Almeida Alves; Galber Santos Oliveira Filho; Suzhyney Raphaelly Lima Silva; Felipe Teixeira Costa; Laura Maria Mesquita Silveira; Antônio Lucas Ferreira Alcântara
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